Business scenarios, technical challenges and system requirements - D2.1

Deliverable D2.1 del projecte Europeu OneFIT (ICT-2009-257385)Preprin

Global prevalence and genotype distribution of hepatitis C virus infection in 2015 : A modelling study

Publisher Copyright: © 2017 Elsevier LtdBackground The 69th World Health Assembly approved the Global Health Sector Strategy to eliminate hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection by 2030, which can become a reality with the recent launch of direct acting antiviral therapies. Reliable disease burden estimates are required for national strategies. This analysis estimates the global prevalence of viraemic HCV at the end of 2015, an update of—and expansion on—the 2014 analysis, which reported 80 million (95% CI 64–103) viraemic infections in 2013. Methods We developed country-level disease burden models following a systematic review of HCV prevalence (number of studies, n=6754) and genotype (n=11 342) studies published after 2013. A Delphi process was used to gain country expert consensus and validate inputs. Published estimates alone were used for countries where expert panel meetings could not be scheduled. Global prevalence was estimated using regional averages for countries without data. Findings Models were built for 100 countries, 59 of which were approved by country experts, with the remaining 41 estimated using published data alone. The remaining countries had insufficient data to create a model. The global prevalence of viraemic HCV is estimated to be 1·0% (95% uncertainty interval 0·8–1·1) in 2015, corresponding to 71·1 million (62·5–79·4) viraemic infections. Genotypes 1 and 3 were the most common cause of infections (44% and 25%, respectively). Interpretation The global estimate of viraemic infections is lower than previous estimates, largely due to more recent (lower) prevalence estimates in Africa. Additionally, increased mortality due to liver-related causes and an ageing population may have contributed to a reduction in infections. Funding John C Martin Foundation.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Geometric and topological modelling of 3D crumpled structures

International audienceCrumpling is a new method derived of the origami techniques that transforms a single paper sheet into a three-dimensional structure by a systematic generation of random folds. The resulting crumpled object is an innovative answer to packaging industries that need attractive and dynamic products in a sustainable context. In order to understand the performances of crumpled structures and their applications in the field of packaging, this paper firstly details the fundamental characteristics of crumpled surfaces by expressing categories of crumpled creases patterns and patterns networks. The crumpled surfaces connectivity is then studied in an Extended Attributed Adjacency Graph by adding new faces and edges attributes

Modelling of the crumpling process of a paper sheet

International audienceThe packaging sector needs innovative solutions to face both the worldwide competitiveness between companies and sustainable development issues. In response to this demand, this paper proposes the study of a new folding technique which erects 3D structures from a single flexible sheet. This technique consists in creating a network of complex patterns according to a crumpling process that generates random folds. In order to give a better understanding on the crumpling process, a descriptive modelling is proposed. It highlights useful and useless characteristics conferred to a flexible sheet and gives ways for the development of graph based methods more adapted to the modelling of crumpled structures. A study case on a food packaging supports the proposition

Graph Based Method for the Modelling of Crumpled Structures

International audienc

Modelling of the crumpling process of a paper sheet

International audienceThe packaging sector needs innovative solutions to face both the worldwide competitiveness between companies and sustainable development issues. In response to this demand, this paper proposes the study of a new folding technique which erects 3D structures from a single flexible sheet. This technique consists in creating a network of complex patterns according to a crumpling process that generates random folds. In order to give a better understanding on the crumpling process, a descriptive modelling is proposed. It highlights useful and useless characteristics conferred to a flexible sheet and gives ways for the development of graph based methods more adapted to the modelling of crumpled structures. A study case on a food packaging supports the proposition

Geometric and topological modelling of 3D crumpled structures

International audienceCrumpling is a new method derived of the origami techniques that transforms a single paper sheet into a three-dimensional structure by a systematic generation of random folds. The resulting crumpled object is an innovative answer to packaging industries that need attractive and dynamic products in a sustainable context. In order to understand the performances of crumpled structures and their applications in the field of packaging, this paper firstly details the fundamental characteristics of crumpled surfaces by expressing categories of crumpled creases patterns and patterns networks. The crumpled surfaces connectivity is then studied in an Extended Attributed Adjacency Graph by adding new faces and edges attributes

Evaluate the efficacy of cosmetic products through the microrheological monitoring of ex vivo living skin

International audienceThe development of innovative formulations, using brand new ingredients that are not extracted from the petrochemical industry or associating specific chemicals to get benefit from unusual sensory properties, is quite tough in cosmetics. Indeed, safety evaluation is mandatory before testing product on human panels leading to a real dilemma for the formula developers as final efficacy, sensory and safety profiles also depend on composition optimization. As a consequence, the resort to characterization techniques that are alternatives to in vivo ones (both animal and human) and in vitro ones (that are too far away from physiological conditions) is at stake. The development of a new ex vivo biosensor using an ultrasonic microrheological technique and that allows a multiscale characterization of living skin viscoelasticity is a solution to answer this problematic. The biosensor is based on a kept-in-life human skin explant that is instrumented with a thickness shear mode quartz (TSM quartz). The ultrasonic microrheology has already been used as a relevant technique to characterize complex fluids like silica gels, forming yoghurts, or cosmetic products. Here, as the skin can be modelled by a multilayer viscoelastic material. The idea is to study the skin-product interactions through the skin viscoelasticity evolution before and after the application of a topic formulation. First experiments have been performed on frozen explants to validate the experimental bench with the dedicated fluidic system required to provide survival medium to the skin. The evolution of the complex viscoelastic modulus and alpha parameter can be linked to the structural changes of the skin layers. Dehydration phenomenon is characterized by the increase of both elastic and viscous modulus. As a consequence the impact of cosmetic creams on the skin can be evaluated by the evolution of the viscoelastic parameters. The tested products are provided by SEPPIC and the results will be compared with ones obtained with organoleptic and viscometric measurements

Prevalence of psychoactive drug use in patients hospitalized for acute cardiac events: Rationale and design of the ADDICT-ICCU trial, from the Emergency and Acute Cardiovascular Care Working Group and the National College of Cardiologists in Training of the French Society of Cardiology

International audienceBackground: Psychoactive drugs, including illicit drugs, are associated with an increased rate of cardiovascular events. The prevalence and outcome of patients using these drugs at the time of admission to an intensive cardiac care unit is unknown.Aim: To assess the prevalence of psychoactive drugs detected in consecutive patients hospitalized in an intensive cardiac care unit for an acute cardiovascular event.Methods: This is a nationwide prospective multicentre study, involving 39 centres throughout France, including all consecutive patients hospitalized in an intensive cardiac care unit within 2weeks. Psychoactive drug use will be assessed systematically by urine drug assay within 2hours of intensive cardiac care unit admission, to detect illicit (cannabinoids, cocaine, amphetamines, ecstasy, heroin and other opioids) and non-illicit (barbiturates, benzodiazepines, tricyclic antidepressants, methadone and buprenorphine) psychoactive drugs. Smoking will be investigated systematically by exhaled carbon monoxide measurement, and alcohol consumption using a standardized questionnaire. In-hospital major adverse events, including death, resuscitated cardiac arrest and cardiogenic shock, will be recorded. After discharge, all-cause death and major adverse cardiovascular events will be recorded systematically and adjudicated at 12months of follow-up.Results: The primary outcome will be the prevalence of psychoactive drugs detected by systematic screening among all patients hospitalized in an intensive cardiac care unit. The in-hospital major adverse events will be analysed according to the presence or absence of detected psychoactive drugs. Subgroup analysis stratified by initial clinical presentation and type of psychoactive drug will be performed.Conclusions: This is the first prospective multicentre study to assess the prevalence of psychoactive drugs detected by systematic screening in consecutive patients hospitalized for acute cardiovascular events